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The international pandemic agreement must make prevention a concrete priority

Call

A group of researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in the negotiations on the International Agreement on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response call for the One Health approach, which considers the health of ecosystems and humans as interconnected, to be used in all decisions regarding pandemic risk prevention.

This text was published in the English version of Le Monde on April 7, 2025. Read the French version here.

https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2025/04/07/l-accord-international-sur-les-pandemies-ne-doit-pas-manquer-son-objectif_6592314_1650684.html

Two-thirds of emerging diseases and nearly all recent pandemics originate from the transmission of animal-borne pathogens to humans. The number and frequency of these spillovers are increasing, largely due to human activities that disrupt ecosystems – such as land-use change, biodiversity loss, wildlife exploitation, and deforestation. The One Health approach proposes coordinated prevention efforts across human, animal, and environmental health sectors. Today, it is widely recognized by experts, international institutions, and WHO member states as an essential pillar for effective pandemic prevention, with broader benefits for ecosystem health as a whole.

One Health prevention measures require investments that are estimated to be a hundred times lower than the economic impact of pandemics. These facts are well documented. Yet the international response remains fragmented, and the integration of this approach into national and international policy frameworks is still insufficient – despite scientific consensus, years of advocacy, and growing institutional engagement.

As negotiations for the International Agreement on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response near completion under WHO’s leadership, we –researchers, policymakers, and actors engaged in the development of this new global instrument – are calling on the international community not to miss this moment: The agreement must make prevention a concrete priority, grounded in operational One Health governance at every level, from local to global.

World Health Assembly in May 2025

While some delegations have voiced concerns about the scope of their commitments, others stress the need to uphold the agreement’s ambition. In this delicate balance, it is crucial to avoid weakening the text or postponing key provisions, particularly through a still-uncertain annex. In over 70 countries studied – including many low- and middle-income countries –the One Health approach has already been institutionalized through platforms, committees, and strategic plans, offering a strong foundation for enhanced intersectoral collaboration. Enshrining this positive momentum in the treaty would ensure that prevention efforts are translated into operational measures, thereby strengthening global resilience to health threats.

We therefore call on member states to: Successfully conclude the negotiations by the World Health Assembly in May 2025, resulting in what could become the very first international, legally binding agreement rooted in the One Health approach. This would mark a historic turning point and signal a collective commitment to ambitious, integrated, and equitable prevention.

We ask them to fully recognize and promote the importance and transformative

potential of the One Health approach within the Pandemic Agreement and to embed it in national priorities, moving beyond a narrow focus on global zoonotic threats. Prevention will only be effective if it also responds to the specific needs of countries, their health systems, and their populations.

Not a luxury, nor an optional extra

It is also essential to commit to strengthening regional collaboration by building on the expertise of One Health “champion countries.” These pioneering countries must play a leading role in inspiring and supporting their neighbors through ambitious regional cooperation. They will need to ensure sustainable funding for prevention strategies and actions, integrated into national budgets while also mobilizing international support especially for low-income countries. Instruments like the Pandemic Fund can both reinforce national capacities and promote country ownership and longterm sustainability.

Finally, we call on member states to base decisions on robust and up-to-date scientific evidence. Political choices must be grounded in facts, not in partial perceptions or preconceived ideas. In global health, perhaps more than anywhere else, international action must be informed by a nuanced understanding of national contexts, operational levels, and local constraints. Only then can commitments be truly relevant, adapted, and operational.

The pandemic agreement must reflect a core truth: Prevention is not a luxury, nor an optional extra – it is a cornerstone of equity and global health security. It must be implemented in times of peace, maintained over the long term, and supported by a fully intersectoral One Health governance structure aligned with country priorities and tailored to realities on the ground. Without this, One Health risks remaining an unfulfilled promise, and pandemic prevention will not be possible at the earliest stages – before people and their communities are affected. To protect populations, we must act upstream, with clarity, solidarity, and responsibility.

Signatories

  • Papa Serigne Seck, President General Assembly, PREZODE initiative
  • Josef Pfabigan, CEO, FOUR PAWS (VIER PROFTEN International)
  • Alexandra L Phelan, Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security
  • Elisabeth Claverie de Saint-Martin, CEO of the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD);
  • Philippe Mauguin, CEO of French National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRAE);
  • Valérie Verdier, CEO of the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD);
  • Josef Settele, co-chair of the global assessment of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
  • Research-UFZ;
  • Nina Jamal, head on pandemic strategies at Four Paws (Vier Pfoten International);
  • Tricia Croasdell, CEO of World Animal Protection;
  • Hope Ferdowsian, MD, MPH, Phoenix Zones Initiative;
  • Marisa Peyre, co-founder of PREZODE initiative, deputy director of the Animals health-Territories-Risks-Ecosytems (ASTRE) unit at CIRAD;
  • Lourdes Jiménez Mora, Proyecto ARPA;
  • Mark Jones, head of policy of Born Free Foundation;
  • Susan Lieberman, vice president for international policy of Wildlife Conservation Society;
  • Teresa Pegger-Baur, programme manager at Four Paws (Vier Pfoten International);
  • Katherine Urbáez, Health Diplomacy Alliance;
  • Esme Wheeler, Action for Animal Health;
  • James Yeates, CEO of World Federation of Animals.
Full list of signatories

Papa Serigne Seck, President General Assembly, PREZODE initiative

Josef Pfabigan, CEO, FOUR PAWS (VIER PROFTEN International)

Alexandra L Phelan, Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security

Esme Wheeler, Action for Animal Health

Susan Lieberman, Vice President of International Policy, Wildlife Conservation Society

Mark Jones, Head of Policy, Born Free Foundation

Katherine Urbáez, Health Diplomacy Alliance

Hope Ferdowsian, MD, MPH, Phoenix Zones Initiative

Lourdes Jiménez Mora, Proyecto ARPA

Tricia Croasdell, CEO, World Animal Protection

James Yeates, CEO, World Federation of Animals

Elisabeth Claverie de Saint-Martin, présidente-directrice générale du Cirad

Philippe Mauguin, président-directeur général de l’Inrae, France

Valérie Verdier, présidente-directrice générale de l’IRD, France

Josef Settele, Co-Chair of IPBES Global Assessment, Helmholtz Centre for

Environmental Research – UFZ

Marisa Peyre, Co-fondatrice de l’Initiative PREZODE, directrice adjointe UMR ASTRE,

Cirad

Nina Jamal, Head of Pandemic & Campaign Strategies, FOUR PAWS (VIER PFOTEN

International)

Julie Meunier, chercheuse en politique publique, Cirad

Teresa Pegger-Baur, Programme Manager, FOUR PAWS (VIER PFOTEN International)

Servane Baufumé, International affairs Officer, CIRAD, France

Carine Rouah, Experte Partenariats Santé Globale

Chloé Bâtie, Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security

Benoit Miribel, President – Fondation Une Santé Durable pour Tous

Hope Ferdowsian, President, Phoenix Zones Initiative and Professor University of New

Mexico School of Medicine

Mia MacDonald, executive director, Brighter Green, New York City, USA

Lourdes Susana Cruz Aguilar; representative of Naturaleza Animal, México.

Max Claron, Health & Environment Programme Manager, Friendship France

Andrew deCoriolis, executive director, Farm Forward

Maike Sander, Vice President of Helmholtz Health and Scientific Director of the Max

Delbrück Center

Adolfo Sansolini, AnimalWelfareAndTrade

Rajesh K. Reddy, President, International Coalition for Animal Protection, United

States

Ian Redmond, Head of Conservation, Ecoflix Foundation

Prof Nitish Debnath, National Coordinator, One Health Bangladesh

Hung Nguyen, Program Leader (a.i.), HEALTH, International Livestock Research

Institute (ILRI)

Richard Shilamba, Executive Director, Children Education Society (CHESO), Tanzania

Gabriel Magezi, Executive Director (The young and older persons integrated

Development program in Africa- YOLIDA)

Aline van der Werf , manager of the Belgian biodiversity platform, Belgian Science

Policy Office (BELSPO)

Anissa Dhaouadi, Sous Directeur de la Veille Zoosanitaire, Centre National de Veille

Zoosanitaire, Tunisie

Luca Bellomo, Associate Director, EU Public Policy at MSD Animal Health, Belgium

Kim Doyle, COO, Global Alliance for Rabies Control

Josephine Ngo Mbing, Chef de Cellule, Ministère de la Recherche Scientifique et de

l’Innovation, Cameroon

Margaret Karembu, Director, ISAAA AfriCenter

Carel du Marchie Sarvaas HealthforAnimals (global animal health association)

Roxane Feller, Secretary General, AnimalhealthEurope

Dr Serge Breysse, CEO, Solthis

Monique Pool, Director, Green Heritage Fund Suriname

Dr John de Jong, President, World Veterinary Association

Magda Robalo, President and Co-founder, The Institute for Global Health and

Development (IGHD), Guinea-Bissau

Hamidou Ouedraogo, Directeur Exécutif National, Réseau Accès aux Médicaments

Essentiels (RAME), Burkina Faso

Luc Arnaud, Directeur général / Executive Director, Gret

Christophe Chauveau, Directeur Général, Agronomes et Vétérinaires sans Frontières

Eric ETTER, Permanent Secretary, CaribVET, Guadeloupe

Kathian Hackshaw, Chief Veterinary Officer, Animal Health and Production Division,

Ministry of Agriculture, St,Vincent and the Grenadines

Jean-Louis Hunault secretary general Diagnostics for Animals France

Dr. Kyaw Thowai Prue Prince, Medical Officer and Field Epidemiologist, IEDCR,

Bangladesh

Prof. Christian Léonard, General director, Sciensano, Belgium

Lennox ST. Aimee, Chief Veterinary Officer, Dominica

Wayan T. Artama, One Health Collaborating Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada,

Indonesia

Arjen van de Giessen, President of the European One Health Association

Vu Thi Phuong, National Coordinator for One Health Partnership of Vietnam

Emmanuel Okunga, Senior Deputy Director of Medical Services, Head of Zoonotic

Disease Unit, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response, Ministry of Health, Kenya

Christine Franklin, Wildlife Conservation Society

Amélie Desvars-Larrive, Assoc.-Prof. at University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna &

Faculty at Complexity Science Hub, Austria

Robyn Alders AO, Honorary Professor, Australian National University, Australia

Annabelle Daburon, researcher, Wageningen University & Research

Dr. Rico Ancog, Professor, School of Environmental Science and Management,

University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines

Gabriel Shirima, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology,

Research Group Leader, Tanzania

Annapaola Rizzoli, DVM,PhD, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach

Foundation, Italy

Fee Zimmermann, Head of Research Group, Helmholtz Institute for One Health,

Germany

Carlos Shiva, researcher; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad

Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Perú

Renaud Becquet, Directeur de Recherche à l’Inserm, GHiGS/BPH (Inserm, IRD,

Université de Bordeaux), Bordeaux, France

Casimiro Vizzini, Institutional Relations Officer, One Sustainable Health for All

Foundation

Aitor Nogales, researcher, CISA-INIA/CSIC. Spain

Elsa Leger, Global Science Officer, PREZODE Initiative, INRAE, France

Fatma Guerfali, Researcher, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia

Jens Jäger, Delegate for the Research Field Health, Helmholtz Association of German

Research Centres

Christine Citti, researcher, Prezode science focal point, INRAE, France

Thierry Lefrançois, conseiller de la PDG, CIRAD

Nathalie Vachiery, Directrice UMR ASTRE, Cirad

Helene Guis, researcher, Cirad, France

Flavie Goutard, Senior Epidemiologist, UMR ASTRE CIRAD, Vietnam

Séverine Thys, Health Anthropologist, ASTRE unit, CIRAD, Lao PDR

Lina Gazu, Postdoctoral research fellow, University of Montreal, Canada

Guillaume Lhermie, Professor, University of Calgary, Canada

Laurie Morgan, Board Member, International Coalition for Animal Protection

Alexandre White, Assistant Professor, Johns Hopkins University and School of

Medicine

Ana Zenclussen, researcher, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig,

Germany

Nigel Sizer, Ph.D., Founder and CEO, BioDiverse LLC

Samantha Mora Mexico coordinator pollination project

Josefina Coloma, PhD; Scientist, Executive Director, Sustainable Sciences Institute, CA,

USA

Richard Riegelman MD, MPH, PhD Professor and Founding Dean, Milken Institute

School of Public Health, The George Washington University

Kelly Sambucci, researcher, Institute of Vertebrate Biology CAS, Czech Republic

William Douglas Evans, Professor, United States

Josef Penninger, Germany

Holger Sondermann, lead scientist, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY

Simon Reid, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brsibane,

Queensland, Australia

Roslyn Hickson, Associate Professor, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and

Medicine and James Cook University, Australia.

Sophie Molia, researcher, CIRAD, France

Dr. Rafael Ruiz de Castañeda, Head of One Health Unit, Institute of Global Health,

UNIGE

Laurence Vial, researcher, CIRAD, France

Laure Guerrini, researcher, CIRAD

Francois Roger, researcher, France

Serge Morand, researcher, CNRS

Melissa Marx, Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult., President (retired), Friedrich-Loeffler-

Institut

Jean-Loup Rault, Professor of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary

Medicine Vienna

Nguyen Thi Dien, researcher, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vietnam

Jean-Hugues Caffin, Chercheur CIRAD UMR ASTRE, Sénégal

Rebeca Pérez-Flores, lecturer, UNAM, México

Diego Urena, teacher, Mexico

Patrick Giraudoux, Professeur émérite d’écologie, Université Marie et Louis Pasteur,

France

Thomas Balenghien, entomologiste, France

Mohamed Gharbi, Professor of parasitology, Tunisia

Julien Cappelle, Disease Ecologist, CIRAD, France

Pham Duc Phuc, Director, Institute of Environmental Health and Sustainable

Development, Vietnam

Anne-Laure Bañuls, Directrice de Recherche à l’IRD, MIVEGEC, Université de

Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France

Professor Alex D. Greenwood, Head of Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz

Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Germany

Richard Njouom, Head Virology Department, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Cameroon

Susanna Sternberg Lewerin, Programme Director SLU Future One Health, Swedish

University of Agricultural Sciences

Quang Huy NGUYEN, Deputy Director, Department of Life Sciences, University of

Science and Technology of Hanoi

Ida Savadogo, Health activist, Burkina Faso

Jenni Lehtimäki, Principal researcher, Finnish Environment Institute

Desire NTEDE, Development Expert & Researcher, Cameroon

Noore Alam, Advanced Epidemiologist, Queensland Health, Australia

Ximena Tolosa, infectious Diseases Epidemiologist, Australia

Oumnia Himmi, researcher, Institut scientifique, Université Mohammed V de Rabat

Tawanda Tarakini, Deputy Dean, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe

Jessica Abbate, Research Scientist, Geomatys, France

Debapriyo Chakraborty, Senior Scientist, Geomatys SAS, France

Katharina Kreppel, Asst. Professor, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp

Araya Prasertchai, Lecturer, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand

Ouafaa Fassi Fihri, Head of Vet School, Morocco

Ghazi Kayali, Researcher, Lebanon

Michael Tong, Senior Research Fellow, Australian National University, Australia

Angela L. Rasmussen, Principal Scientist, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization,

University of Saskatchewan, Canada

Gunter Kathagen, Scientific expert, Federal Public Service Employment, Labour and

Social Dialogue, Belgium

Jane Megid, professor, school of veterinary medicine and animal science-Unesp, Brazil

Sarah Olson, Wildlife Conservation Society

Alexandre Caron, director of research, Cirad, ILRI, Kenya

Sandul Yasobant, Asst. Professor, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, India

Mohamed Naceur Baccar, Centre National de Veille Zoosanitaire, Tunisia Alexandra

Finch LLM, Senior Associate, O’Neill Institute for National & Global Health Law at

Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC USA

Julio A. Benavides, Senior Researcher in One Health, IRD, France

Margherita Gomarasca, Coordinator, Vétérinaires Sans Frontières International,

Belgium

Pr Jean Gaudart, PU-PH, Public Health & Biostatistics, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM,

Sesstim UMR1252, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Marseille

Laurent DALMAS, Associate Prof. in Environmental and Health Economics, SOURCE

(IRD-University of Versailles SQY- Paris Saclay), France

Nicolas Lainé, chargé de recherche, IRD, France

Nicolas, Moiroux, Researcher, French Research Institute for Sustainable Development

(IRD), France

Eve Miguel, researcher at IRD, France

Marc Leandri, Associate Professor, UVSQ-Université Paris Saclay

Joseph Larmarange, demographer, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement,

France

Dr. Reginald Thomas, One Health, Practioner

Gian Luca Burci, Senior Visiting Professor of International Law, Geneva Graduate

Institute

Pr Alpha Kabinet KEITA, chercheur, Centre de Recherche et de Formation en

Infectiologue de Guinee, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry

Babatunde Balogun, researcher, University of Tasmania, Australia

Sam Halabi, Professor, Georgetown University, United States

Luc venance Kouakou,Assistant teacher, Côte d’Ivoire

Edwige Michèle N’GORAN, chercheuse, Côte d’Ivoire

Nonito Pages, researcher, CIRAD, France

Jean Albergel, emeritus researcher at IRD, Univ of Montpellier

Dorothée Missé, researcher, France

Anna Bezruki, Doctoral Candidate, Georgetown University, United States of America

Marlies Hesselman, Assist. Prof, Groningen Centre for Health Law

Frederic Simard, Researcher, IRD, Montpellier, France

Odalys Uffo Reinosa, Director of science, innovation and postgraduate studies, CENSA,

Cuba

Omar N’Gala DIOP, Directeur Qualité – Conseil en amélioration des services de santé

(Paris)

Tony BIO, PHD, Senegal

Alan P. Dargantes, VP for RDE, Central Mindanao University, Philippines

Jorge Francisco Monroy-López, professor, National Autonomous University of Mexico

Paul Cadogan, veterinarian, Jamaica

Dr Andrea Britton, Director and One Health Advisor, Ultimate Efficacy Consulting,

Australia

Anne Conan, Researcher in Epidemiology, Cirad, France

Florian Liegeois, Chercheur, France

Sabrina Locatelli, IRD representative in Lao PDR

Laurent Granjon, researcher, IRD

Delphine Luquet, Head of Bios Department, Cirad

Jean-Mathieu Bart, researcher, UMR Intertryp France / Ministry of Health Guinea

Catherine Moulia, Professeure, Univ. of Montpellier, France

Bruno Guinand, associate professor, University of Montpellier, France

Teola Noel, Assistant Lecturer, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West

Indies

Camille Besombes, médecin épidémiologiste, médialab Sciences Po

Jules Treuille, Innovation Officer, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement,

France

Yannick Simonin, Professeur d’Université, Université de Montpellier

Nathalie Vachiery, Directrice UMR ASTRE, Cirad

Daan Vink, Chercheur épidémiologiste, Cirad

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