{"id":7975,"date":"2026-10-27T11:56:53","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T10:56:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prezode-initiative.org\/a-linstar-de-shamonda-comment-la-metagenomique-a-permis-didentifier-un-nouveau-virus\/"},"modified":"2026-11-03T14:25:44","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T13:25:44","slug":"a-linstar-de-shamonda-comment-la-metagenomique-a-permis-didentifier-un-nouveau-virus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prezode-initiative.org\/fr\/a-linstar-de-shamonda-comment-la-metagenomique-a-permis-didentifier-un-nouveau-virus\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c0 l&rsquo;instar de Shamonda : comment la m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique a permis d&rsquo;identifier un nouveau virus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le virus identifi\u00e9 au sein d&rsquo;\u00e9levages de bovins en Europe au cours de l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9 2026 appartient au genre Orthobunyavirus. Bien qu&rsquo;il soit \u00e9troitement apparent\u00e9 au virus Shamonda, il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un virus g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement distinct. Son identification a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue possible gr\u00e2ce aux capacit\u00e9s de la m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique.<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique a marqu\u00e9 un tournant dans la recherche. En s\u00e9quen\u00e7ant l\u2019ensemble des acides nucl\u00e9iques pr\u00e9sents dans un \u00e9chantillon clinique, elle permet d\u2019identifier, en une seule analyse, pratiquement tous les micro-organismes que contient l\u2019\u00e9chantillon : bact\u00e9ries, virus, champignons et parasites. Cela repr\u00e9sente un changement de paradigme par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019approche traditionnelle <em>a priori<\/em>. Les tests diagnostiques conventionnels reposent sur des hypoth\u00e8ses : ils ne ciblent que les agents dont on sait d\u00e9j\u00e0 qu\u2019ils sont associ\u00e9s \u00e0 un syndrome clinique donn\u00e9. <strong>La m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique<\/strong>, en revanche,  <strong>Cette m\u00e9thode ne repose sur aucune hypoth\u00e8se, ce qui permet de d\u00e9tecter des agents pathog\u00e8nes rares, inattendus ou totalement in\u00e9dits. Associ\u00e9e au s\u00e9quen\u00e7age \u00e0 haut d\u00e9bit, elle peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e en parall\u00e8le \u00e0 un grand nombre d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette approche a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre durant l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2026 sur des \u00e9chantillons pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s chez des bovins en France et en Europe du Nord. Les vaches atteintes pr\u00e9sentaient dans un premier temps de la fi\u00e8vre et de la diarrh\u00e9e ; la maladie a ensuite \u00e9volu\u00e9 vers une baisse de la production laiti\u00e8re et des mort-n\u00e9s. L\u2019agent pathog\u00e8ne \u00e0 l\u2019origine de cette \u00e9pizootie n\u2019ayant pas \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9, la m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique a permis aux \u00e9quipes de recherche de le mettre en \u00e9vidence.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;unit\u00e9 de recherche commune <strong>IHAP<\/strong> (Interactions h\u00f4te-pathog\u00e8ne) de l&rsquo;Institut national de recherche pour l&rsquo;agriculture, l&rsquo;alimentation et l&rsquo;environnement (<strong>INRAE<\/strong>) et de l&rsquo;\u00c9cole nationale v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse (<strong>ENVT<\/strong>) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurosurveillance.org\/content\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.33.2600689\">a identifi\u00e9<\/a> un virus jamais d\u00e9tect\u00e9 auparavant en Europe, tr\u00e8s probablement transmis par des moucherons piqueurs (<em>Culicoides<\/em>). Leurs conclusions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9es par des travaux men\u00e9s simultan\u00e9ment par des \u00e9quipes de l\u2019Institut Friedrich-Loeffler (<strong>FLI<\/strong>) en Allemagne. (<em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inrae.fr\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.inrae.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">L\u2019INRAE<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fli.de\/en\/startpage\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.fli.de\/en\/startpage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">le FLI sont <\/a>tous deux membres du r\u00e9seau PREZODE<\/em>.)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u00e9rogroupe Simbu des orthobunyavirus<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ab<em>Le virus que nous avons identifi\u00e9 appartient au s\u00e9rogroupe Simbu des orthobunyavirus, qui provoquent des maladies chez le b\u00e9tail. <strong>Il est tr\u00e8s proche des virus Shamonda, avec lesquels il partage deux des trois segments de g\u00e9nome. Deux clades ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s : les variantes EU1 et EU2 du virus Shamonda. <\/strong>Elles diff\u00e8rent l\u00e9g\u00e8rement de la souche isol\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois chez des bovins au Nigeria en 1965, puis au Japon. Aucune de ces souches n\u2019ayant eu d\u2019impact significatif \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, elles n\u2019ont fait l\u2019objet que de peu d\u2019\u00e9tudes, de recherches ou de publications<\/em> \u00bb, explique <strong>le professeur Jean-Luc Gu\u00e9rin,<\/strong> directeur de l\u2019unit\u00e9 IHAP.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les variantes EU1 et EU2 touchent principalement les bovins et, plus rarement, les chevaux. Des avortements spontan\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s ; des malformations cong\u00e9nitales peuvent appara\u00eetre au d\u00e9but de la saison des naissances. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires et les \u00e9leveurs surveillent la situation afin d&rsquo;\u00e9viter la propagation de la maladie.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce virus pr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement <strong>des similitudes avec le virus de Schmallenberg<\/strong>, qui est apparu dans les troupeaux europ\u00e9ens en 2011 et qui a infect\u00e9 des vaches et des moutons.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enqu\u00eate sur un cas chez l&rsquo;homme<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En octobre, une \u00e9quipe m\u00e9dicale d\u2019un h\u00f4pital lyonnais (en France), qui prenait en charge un patient atteint d\u2019une forme grave d\u2019enc\u00e9phalite canc\u00e9reuse, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 une analyse m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique sur un \u00e9chantillon de liquide c\u00e9phalo-rachidien afin d\u2019identifier d\u2019\u00e9ventuels agents pathog\u00e8nes infectieux. Elle a d\u00e9tect\u00e9 un g\u00e9notype identique au variant EU1. Bien qu\u2019une transmission interesp\u00e8ces ne puisse \u00eatre exclue, les experts et les praticiens estiment que le risque zoonotique est extr\u00eamement faible : il s\u2019agit d\u2019un cas isol\u00e9 et atypique, dont on ne peut tirer aucune conclusion g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Les autorit\u00e9s de sant\u00e9 publique, les chercheurs ainsi que les organisations internationales m\u00e8nent actuellement des enqu\u00eates.  <strong>\u00ab Cette \u00e9mergence virale chez le b\u00e9tail \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne, ainsi que le cas humain, montrent que la d\u00e9tection pr\u00e9coce des risques \u00e9mergents peut s\u2019appuyer sur une combinaison de surveillance clinique tant chez les animaux que chez les humains, de la science et des technologies de pointe \u00bb, conclut le professeur Gu\u00e9rin.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le virus identifi\u00e9 au sein d&rsquo;\u00e9levages de bovins en Europe au cours de l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9 2026 appartient au genre Orthobunyavirus. Bien qu&rsquo;il soit \u00e9troitement apparent\u00e9 au virus Shamonda, il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un virus g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement distinct. Son identification a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue possible gr\u00e2ce aux capacit\u00e9s de la m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique. La m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique a marqu\u00e9 un tournant dans la recherche. En<a href=\"https:\/\/prezode-initiative.org\/fr\/a-linstar-de-shamonda-comment-la-metagenomique-a-permis-didentifier-un-nouveau-virus\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">\u00ab\u00a0\u00c0 l&rsquo;instar de Shamonda : comment la m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique a permis d&rsquo;identifier un nouveau virus\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7976,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[163],"tags":[],"news_type":[10,156],"class_list":["post-7975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histoires","news_type-article","news_type-breve"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00c0 l&#039;instar de Shamonda : comment la m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique a permis d&#039;identifier un nouveau virus - Prezode.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prezode-initiative.org\/fr\/a-linstar-de-shamonda-comment-la-metagenomique-a-permis-didentifier-un-nouveau-virus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c0 l&#039;instar de Shamonda : comment la m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique a permis d&#039;identifier un nouveau virus - Prezode.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le virus identifi\u00e9 au sein d&rsquo;\u00e9levages de bovins en Europe au cours de l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9 2026 appartient au genre Orthobunyavirus. Bien qu&rsquo;il soit \u00e9troitement apparent\u00e9 au virus Shamonda, il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un virus g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement distinct. Son identification a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue possible gr\u00e2ce aux capacit\u00e9s de la m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique. La m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique a marqu\u00e9 un tournant dans la recherche. 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Prezode.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/prezode-initiative.org\/fr\/a-linstar-de-shamonda-comment-la-metagenomique-a-permis-didentifier-un-nouveau-virus\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u00c0 l'instar de Shamonda : comment la m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique a permis d'identifier un nouveau virus - Prezode.","og_description":"Le virus identifi\u00e9 au sein d&rsquo;\u00e9levages de bovins en Europe au cours de l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9 2026 appartient au genre Orthobunyavirus. Bien qu&rsquo;il soit \u00e9troitement apparent\u00e9 au virus Shamonda, il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un virus g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement distinct. Son identification a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue possible gr\u00e2ce aux capacit\u00e9s de la m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique. La m\u00e9tag\u00e9nomique a marqu\u00e9 un tournant dans la recherche. 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